 The efficacy of guggul, the gum resin of Commiphora mukul in regulating hypothyroidism was evaluated in female mice. In addition to estimating serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, hepatic 5' monodeiodinase, hepatic glucose-6-phospatase and lipid-peroxidation (LPO), the activities of the anti-oxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were investigated. While 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU, 10.00 mg/kg/d for 30 days) induced hypothyroidism in mice, as evidenced by a decrease in thyroid hormone concentration and in hepatic 5'D-I activity, simultaneous administration of guggul (200 mg/kg/d for 30 days) reversed this effect, indicating its potential to stimulate thyroid function. Although in PTU treated animals a marginal increase in hepatic LPO was observed, when simultaneously treated with guggul, it was decreased. A parallel increase in the activity of endogenous antioxidants, SOD and CAT, in the latter group indicated the safe and antiperoxidative nature of guggul. These findings suggest the possible use of guggul in the amelioration of hypothyroidism. Phytother Res. 2005 Jan;19(1):78-80. NOTE: The Commiphora (guggul) nutrient enhances metabolism through its effects on the thyroid as pointed out in this study. It was discovered that guggul was able to lower fasting blood sugar, blood pressure, insulin levels which enhances energy and alertness levels when blood sugar is stable, and guggul had anti-inflammatory activity, reducing the levels of C-reactive protein. A study published in JAMA in August of 2003. Huperzine Huperzine's action has been attributed to its ability to strongly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine is involved in memory and learning. By inhibiting the enzyme that breaks it down, more acetylcholine becomes available to stimulate neurons and increase alertness, memory and learning capacity. Scientists at Zhejiang Medical University, in Hangzhou, China administered 200 mcg of huperzine A to fifty patients with Alzheimer’s disease for a period of eight weeks and compared the results to a group who received placebo pills (Xu 1995). The study was done in a double blind, placebo controlled and randomized manner. The results showed 58 percent of the patients treated with huperzine A had improvements in memory, cognition, and behavioral functions whereas only 36 percent of those on placebo improved. Zhejiang Medical University, in Hangzhou Ginko Biloba In 1998 Barry S. Oken of Oregon Health Sciences University and his colleagues considered more than 50 studies involving subjects with mental impairment and selected four that met a conservative set of criteria, including sufficient characterization of the Alzheimer's diagnosis, use of a standardized ginkgo extract, and a placebo-controlled, double-blind design (in which neither the subjects nor the investigators know until the end whether a given patient is receiving the extract or the placebo). Each of these studies showed that the Alzheimer's patients who received ginkgo performed better on various cognitive tests than did patients who received a placebo. Improvements were evident in standardized tests measuring attention, short-term memory and reaction time; the average extent of improvement resulting from ginkgo treatment was 10 to 20 percent. 1998 Barry S. Oken of Oregon Health Sciences University and his colleagues Pyroglutamic Acid Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) was compared with placebo in a randomized, double blind trial for assessing its efficacy in treating memory deficits in 40 aged subjects. Twenty subjects were treated with pyroglutamic acid and 20 with placebo over a period of 60 d. Memory functions were evaluated at baseline and after 60 d of treatment by means of a battery made up of 6 memory tasks. The results showed that pyroglutamate is effective in improving some verbal memory functions in subjects affected by age-related memory decline. Cattedra di Patologia Neurologica II dell'Universita di Catania, Italy. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1990;4(2):169-73 Choline "Abstract" The present study was designed to assess the effect of supplementation with dietary cytidine (5')-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), a source of cytidine and choline, on memory in young and older rats. Although the hippocampal-dependent memory deficits in aged rats are well documented, cognitive functioning in early aging has not been as thoroughly evaluated. Female Sprague–Dawley rats (3 or 15 months of age) consumed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with CDP-choline (approximately 500 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, after which they were trained to perform spatial and cued versions of the Morris water maze. Compared with young rats, aged rats exhibited a selective deficit in spatial memory tasks that required rats to retain information for 24 h or longer. CDP-choline supplementation protected against the development of this deficit, but had no memory-enhancing effect in normal young rats. These findings suggest that early-aged rats display a selective impairment in hippocampal-dependent long-term memory, and that dietary CDP-choline supplementation can protect against this deficit.” Teather, L.A., and R.J. Wurtman. 2003. Dietary cytidine (5')-diphosphocholine supplementation protects against development of memory deficits in aging rats. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 27(June):711- 717. DMAE Therapy with DMAE reportedly produces increased attention span and decreased irritability, which may enhance school performance and test scores in some children. Pfeiffer CC. Parasympathetic neurohumors. Possible precursors and effect on behavior. International Review of Neurobiology. 1959;Vol.1:195-244 Green Tea Extract 95%poly / 35%egcg Study indicates that the catechin gallates (through the galloyl moiety) contribute to the neuroprotective effects of both green and black teas. Moreover, the protective effect of EGCG is likely to be associated, at least in part, with its inhibitory action on Abeta fibrils/oligomers formation. These data also support the hypothesis that not only green but also black teas may reduce age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Neuroprotective effects of green and black teas and their catechin gallate esters against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity.: Eur J Neurosci. 2006 Jan;23(1):55-64 Authors: Bastianetto S, Yao ZX, Papadopoulos V, Quirion R Yerba Mate We analyzed the antioxidant properties of Ilex paraguariensis infusion popularly known as yerba mate (ma'ta), by using two experimental models: the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and lethality in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as peroxide and lipoxygenase-induced human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Conclusions: Yerba mate is thus a rich source of polyphenols and has antioxidant properties comparable to those of green tea which merit further in vivo intervention and cross-sectional studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2003 Jun;9(3):379-87. Ginger Root Ruth Winter, M.S., author of A Consumer's Dictionary of Medicines, says some studies show that "ginger root is a mild stimulant for the heart and brain and may even help ease learning." Ruth Winter, M.S., author of A Consumer's Dictionary of Medicines L Tyrosine Tyrosine is particularly useful at combating the decrements in cognitive performance associated with stress and fatigue. Various stressors result in increased catecholamine synthesis and release and consequently increased precursor demand, and many stress-related changes in behavior and cognition are associated with catecholamine depletion. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1999 Nov;64(3):495-500. Tyrosine improves working memory in a multitasking environment. Thomas JR, Lockwood PA, Singh A, Deuster PA. Acetyl L Carnatine Published research shows acetyl-L-carnitine is critical to youthful cellular function in the brain, heart, liver, peripheral nerve and immune system. Saheki T., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University. [Carnitine as a vitamin-like biofactor]. Nippon Rinsho 1999 Oct;57(10):2270-5. Rhodiola Crenula In an open study of 128 patients aged 17-55 years, R. rosea alleviated fatigue, irritability, distractibility, headache, weakness and other vegetative symptoms in 64 percent of cases. Krasik ED, Morozova ES, Petrova KP, Ragulina GA, Shemetova LA, Shuvaev VP. Therapy of asthenic conditions: clinical perspectives of application of Rhodiola rosea extract (golden root). In. Proceedings Modern problems in psycho-pharmacology. Kemerovo-city, Russia: Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences: 1970. p. 298-330. Metabromine Millions of consumers can already attest to the “euphoric effects” of theobromine, a key constituent found in chocolate. The medicinal use of cacao, or chocolate, both as a primary remedy and as a vehicle to deliver other medicines, originated in the New World and diffused to Europe in the mid 1500s. These practices originated among the Olmec, Maya and Mexica (Aztec). The word cacao is derived from Olmec and the subsequent Mayan languages (kakaw); the chocolate-related term cacahuatl is Nahuatl (Aztec language), derived from Olmec/Mayan etymology. Early colonial era documents included instructions for the medicinal use of cacao. The Badianus Codex (1552) noted the use of cacao flowers to treat fatigue, whereas the Florentine Codex (1590) offered a prescription of cacao beans, maize and the herb tlacoxochitl (Calliandra anomala) to alleviate fever and panting of breath and to treat the faint of heart. Subsequent 16th to early 20th century manuscripts produced in Europe and New Spain revealed >100 medicinal uses for cacao/chocolate. Three consistent roles can be identified: 1) to treat emaciated patients to gain weight; 2) to stimulate nervous systems of apathetic, exhausted or feeble patients; and 3) to improve digestion and elimination where cacao/chocolate countered the effects of stagnant or weak stomachs, stimulated kidneys and improved bowel function. Additional medical complaints treated with chocolate/cacao have included anemia, poor appetite, mental fatigue, poor breast milk production, consumption/tuberculosis, fever, gout, kidney stones, reduced longevity and poor sexual appetite/low virility. Chocolate paste was a medium used to administer drugs and to counter the taste of bitter pharmacological additives. In addition to cacao beans, preparations of cacao bark, oil (cacao butter), leaves and flowers have been used to treat burns, bowel dysfunction, cuts and skin irritations. Dillinger TL, Barriga P, Escarcega S, Jimenez M, Salazar Lowe D, Grivetti LE. Food of the gods: cure for humanity? A cultural history of the medicinal and ritual use of chocolate. J Nutr 2000 Aug;130(8S Suppl):2057S-72S. Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA. Taurine In adult humans, taurine has been used with varying degrees of success to treat a wide variety of conditions, including: cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, epilepsy and other seizure disorders, macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease (memory and cognitive function), hepatic disorders, alcoholism, and cystic fibrosis. Therapeutic Applications of Taurine [PDF, 53KB] Thorne.com website Birdsall TC. Black Strap Molasses Two experiments were conducted to determine whether molasses might exert effects on serum lipoproteins. In experiment 1, 24 rats were divided into two groups and fed diets containing liquid molasses from sugar beet or sucrose (7.71 g of molasses dry matter or sucrose per kg of diet). The second experiment included four groups of rats (n = l2/group) and was conducted in a bifactorial design, with the factors being molasses (non-supplementation vs. supplementation of 77.1 g of molasses dry matter per kg of diet at the expense of sucrose) and dietary cholesterol (0 vs. 5 g/kg diet). In experiment 1, the ratio of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration tended to be lower in rats fed the molasses diet than in rats fed the control diet (p < 0.15). In experiment 2, rats fed the molasses diet had higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol (+ 26%) than control rats fed diets without molasses (p < 0.05). This effect was independent of the dietary cholesterol concentration. Concentrations of cholesterol in LDL, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and liver as well as concentrations of triacylglycerols in plasma and liver remained unaffected by molasses in both experiments. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that supplementation of molasses is effective at raising HDL cholesterol levels in rats. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhaldenstrasse 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany. Enzyme Blend and Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Included for Delivery System Ensures the nutrients are all broken down into their most usable form. This means they will be more easily absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body. Dr. Edward Howell, Enzyme Nutrition: The Food Enzyme Concept B Vitamins Researchers studied the effects of folate and vitamins B12 and B6 on cognition and mood in 211 healthy younger, middle-aged and older women. The researchers studied the effects of supplementation with B vitamins and dietary intake. Subjects took either a placebo or 750 mcg of folate, 15 mcg of vitamin B12, and 75 mg of vitamin B6 daily for 35 days. The study authors also used a retrospective, self-report, quantified food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intake of these vitamins. The subjects were given standardized tests of cognitive function, memory, verbal ability, and self-report mood measures, both before and after supplementation. The study results indicated that supplementation with folate, vitamin B12 and B6 could significantly improve memory performance in all age groups tested. In addition, the amount of these B vitamins consumed in the diet was linked to the speed subjects could process information, recall, and recognition, as well as verbal ability, particularly in the younger women. In fact, 29% of the younger women had dietary intakes of folate below recommended levels and 20% of the women had vitamin B12 below desired levels. Bryan J, Calvaresi E, Hughes D. Short-term Folate, Vitamin B-12 or Vitamin B-6 Supplementation Slightly Affects Memory Performance but Not Mood in Women of Various Ages. Journal of Nutrition. 2002;132(6):1345-1356. DISCLAIMER: THIS INFORMATION IS ONLY REGARDING THE NUTRIENTS AND WE ARE NOT SUGGESTING OR CLAIMING THAT BY OUR COMPANY PLACING THESE NUTRIENTS INTO OUR SUPPLEMENT WE ARE ATTEMPTING TO CURE, TREAT, OR MIDIGATE ANY DISEASE OR CONDITION. THIS PRODUCT, NUTRAFORIA, IS ONLY DESIGNED TO NUTRITIONALLY SUPPORT AN ALREADY HEALTHLY MIND AND TO LIFT THE MOOD LEVEL OF AN ALREADY HEALTHY PERSON. IF YOU ARE DEALING WITH ANY TYPE OF MEDICAL ISSUE OR MENTAL ISSUE AND/OR BEFORE TAKING THIS OR ANY OTHER NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT SUPPLEMENT, WE URGE YOU TO CONSULT WITH YOUR DOCTOR FIRST.
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